Consider the following modes regarding the failure of an axially loaded column : 1. Local buckling 2. Squashing 3. Joint buckling Which of the above modes are correct ?
- A2 and 3 only
- B1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Solution
Concept
Failure modes of axially loaded columns
Step-by-step solution
1. Local buckling of plate elements is a failure mode (true). 2. Squashing (yielding of a short column) is a failure mode (true). 3. "Joint buckling" is not a recognised mode (the other modes are overall flexural, torsional and lateral-torsional buckling).
Explanation
Short stocky columns squash; slender columns buckle overall; thin plate elements buckle locally.
Why the other options are wrong
Options with "joint buckling" are wrong.
Shortcut
Modes: squashing, flexural buckling, torsional buckling, local buckling.
Common mistake
Accepting joint buckling.
Correct answer: B) 1 and 2 only