For heavy foundation works in massive structures, which stone is most preferred due to its high compressive strength and low water absorption?
- AMarble
- BSandstone
- CLimestone
- DGraniteCorrect
Solution
Concept
Granite engineering properties for massive heavy foundations
Formula
Compressive Strength > 100 MPa; Water Absorption < 0.5%
Step-by-step solution
1. Massive foundations subject to heavy structural loads demand stones with high crushing strength and minimal permeability. 2. Granite provides crushing strength between 100-250 N/mm2 with negligible water absorption. 3. In contrast, sedimentary stones (limestone, sandstone) have lower strength and higher porosity. Answer: D
Explanation
Granite is a plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It possesses exceptional compressive strength (100 to 250 MPa), high density, superior resistance to weathering, and extremely low water absorption (<0.5%). Consequently, granite is the most preferred building stone for heavy foundation works, piers, abutments, and monumental structures. Thus, option D is correct.
Why the other options are wrong
A) Marble is a metamorphic stone used primarily for decorative and ornamental architectural work. B) Sandstone has lower crushing strength (30-60 MPa) and higher water absorption (5-6%). C) Limestone has lower durability and dissolves in acidic environments.
Shortcut
Granite = Igneous, Highest Strength, Lowest Water Absorption -> Heavy Foundations.
Common mistake
Selecting marble or sandstone, which have lower compressive resistance and higher susceptibility to weathering or moisture absorption.
Correct answer: D) Granite