The sum of the static head and elevation head provides the contour of
- Atotal energy line
- Bhydraulic grade lineCorrect
- Cvelocity head
- Dnone of the above
Solution
Concept
Hydraulic Grade Line
Formula
HGL = p/γ + z
Step-by-step solution
1. Identify static head (p/γ) and elevation head (z). 2. Sum the two heads: HGL = p/γ + z. 3. Match with Option B (hydraulic grade line).
Explanation
The sum of the static head (pressure head) and the elevation head represents the hydraulic grade line (HGL). The total energy line includes the velocity head in addition to these two heads.
Shortcut
Remember: HGL (Hydraulic Grade Line) has 2 heads (Static + Elevation), while TEL (Total Energy Line) has 3 heads (Static + Elevation + Velocity).
Common mistake
Students often confuse the Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) with the Total Energy Line (TEL) and select Option A because they forget that TEL also includes the velocity head in addition to static and elevation heads.
Correct answer: B) hydraulic grade line