Select the incorrect statement
- AAn Effluent stream is defined as a stream which receives some flow from the ground water discharge.
- BPerennial stream does not have any base flow contribution. The stream dries up soon after the end of stream flow.Correct
- CRiver discharge can be estimated by measuring velocity and flow area across a section.
- DFrequent sediment deposition in a channel generally reduces the reliability of the rating curve.
Solution
Concept
Types of Streams and Baseflow Characteristics
Formula
N/A
Step-by-step solution
1. Review the given statements regarding stream flow types and groundwater interactions. 2. Recall that perennial streams flow continuously due to groundwater baseflow, making statement (b) incorrect. 3. Select Option (b) as the correct choice.
Explanation
Option (b) is incorrect because a perennial stream flows continuously throughout the entire year due to steady groundwater baseflow contribution. In contrast, it is an ephemeral stream that dries up quickly after rainfall or runoff ends, as it has no baseflow contribution.
Shortcut
To easily remember stream types and baseflow characteristics: - Perennial = Permanent: Flows all year round because it receives continuous groundwater baseflow. - Ephemeral = Short-lived: Flows only during/after rainfall and has zero baseflow contribution.
Common mistake
A common mistake is misreading the question prompt and selecting Option A or C because they are true statements, forgetting that the question asks for the incorrect statement. Another frequent mistake is confusing a perennial stream with an ephemeral stream, leading students to mistakenly believe that statement B is correct when, in reality, perennial streams flow continuously throughout the year supported by groundwater baseflow.
Correct answer: B) Perennial stream does not have any base flow contribution. The stream dries up soon after the end of stream flow.