Which of the following is the equivalent axle load factor for a 160 kN axle load? (Assume the standard axle load of 80 kN)
- A4
- B8
- C12
- D16Correct
Solution
Concept
Fourth power law
Formula
EALF = (W/80)⁴
Step-by-step solution
1. (160/80)⁴ = 16.
Explanation
Damage varies as the fourth power of the axle load.
Why the other options are wrong
Others do not follow.
Shortcut
(W/Ws)⁴.
Correct answer: D) 16