Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (i) Anisotropy is the property of a material or substance to exhibit different physical properties such as strength, conductivity or refractive index when measured in different directions. (ii) FRP composites are highly anisotropic in nature
- AOnly (i)
- BOnly (ii)
- CBoth (i) and (ii)Correct
- DNeither (i) nor (ii)
Solution
Concept
Anisotropy of FRP composite materials
Formula
NONE
Step-by-step solution
1. Anisotropy is defined as the variation of physical, mechanical, or electrical properties along different axes of measurement; statement (i) is true. 2. In Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites, high-strength fibers are aligned in specific directions within a polymer matrix. 3. Consequently, tensile strength and stiffness along the fiber axis are substantially higher than across transverse axes, making FRP highly anisotropic; statement (ii) is true. 4. Therefore, both statements (i) and (ii) are true. Answer: C
Explanation
Anisotropy is the material condition where physical and mechanical properties vary depending on the geometric direction in which they are measured. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites exhibit pronounced anisotropy because their longitudinal tensile strength and stiffness are governed by aligned continuous fibers, whereas transverse properties depend on the weaker polymer matrix. Therefore, both defining statements are true.
Why the other options are wrong
A) Statement (ii) is also true because fiber orientation makes FRP strongly directional. B) Statement (i) is also true as it provides the standard scientific definition of anisotropy. D) Both statements accurately define anisotropy and the directional behavior of FRP composites.
Shortcut
Fibers aligned in one direction = Anisotropic (directional properties).
Common mistake
Assuming FRP composites have identical properties in all directions like isotropic structural steel.
Correct answer: C) Both (i) and (ii)