Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for ‘Dangling Error’? (i) A dangling error in a project network diagram (CPM/PERT) occurs when an activity is disconnected or hangs before the project's final event. (ii) Dangling error represents broken logic where an activity has no successor, making it appear to finish before the overall project is complete.
- AOnly (i)
- BOnly (ii)
- CBoth (i) and (ii)Correct
- DNeither (i) nor (ii)
Solution
Concept
Dangling error in CPM and PERT network logic
Formula
NONE
Step-by-step solution
1. Statement (i) is true: Dangling occurs when an intermediate activity hangs without connecting to the project end event. 2. Statement (ii) is true: Broken logic leaves an activity with no successor before overall project completion. 3. Because both statements accurately characterize dangling errors, option C is correct. Answer: C
Explanation
A dangling error in a CPM/PERT network diagram occurs when an activity is disconnected or does not lead to the final event of the project. It represents broken network logic where an activity has no succeeding activity, making the project flow terminate prematurely before the terminal event. Therefore, both statements (i) and (ii) are true.
Why the other options are wrong
A) Statement (ii) is also true as dangling denotes broken successor logic. B) Statement (i) is also true as dangling disconnects activities from final events. D) Both statements are established network rules.
Shortcut
Dangling = Disconnected/No successor; Looping = Endless cycle.
Common mistake
Confusing dangling (dead-end activity with no successor) with looping/cycling (cyclical dependency error).
Correct answer: C) Both (i) and (ii)