Which of the following statements is/are true for ‘Horizontal Equivalent’ in measurement of elevations? i. It is the distance between two successive contour lines ii. If this distance is small, it indicates a steeper slope
- AOnly (i)
- BOnly (ii)
- CBoth (i) and (ii)Correct
- DNeither (i) nor (ii)
Solution
Concept
Concept of horizontal equivalent in contours
Formula
NONE
Step-by-step solution
1. Horizontal equivalent is defined as the horizontal distance between two adjacent contour lines. 2. A smaller horizontal distance indicates that elevation changes rapidly over a short distance, representing a steeper slope. 3. Therefore, statement ii is true. Answer: C
Explanation
The horizontal equivalent is defined as the horizontal distance between two consecutive contour lines on a topographic map for a given contour interval. When contour lines are spaced closely together, the horizontal equivalent is small, which indicates a steep incline or slope of the ground. Since both statements correctly state the definition and property of horizontal equivalent, option C is the correct answer.
Why the other options are wrong
A) Statement (i) is incorrect because horizontal equivalent depends on terrain slope, whereas contour interval is constant. D) Statement (ii) is true because a smaller horizontal distance between contours indicates a steeper slope.
Shortcut
Horizontal Equivalent = horizontal distance between adjacent contours (smaller distance = steeper slope).
Common mistake
Selecting option A or B by failing to recognize that a smaller horizontal equivalent indicates a steeper ground slope.
Correct answer: C) Both (i) and (ii)