If the hydraulic gradient is 0.5, then the seepage force/volume is
- A9.81 kN/m³
- B4.905 kN/m³Correct
- C19.62 kN/m³
- DNone of these
Solution
Concept
Seepage force per unit volume
Formula
j = i γw
Step-by-step solution
1. j = 0.5 × 9.81 = 4.905 kN/m³.
Explanation
Seepage force per unit volume is the hydraulic gradient times the unit weight of water.
Why the other options are wrong
9.81 is for i = 1.
Shortcut
j = iγw.
Correct answer: B) 4.905 kN/m³